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The mechanical properties of an alloy are a function of the phases existing within the alloy as well as the size and arrangement of the grains of each phase.
#Twcenter stainless steel longer assimilation series#
Certain 400 series alloys like 430 are referred to as ferritic due to their ferrite phase, while others like 410 and 420 are referred to as martensitic due to their martensite phase. The 300 series stainless steel alloys are referred to as austenitic because they consist predominately of the austenite phase in the annealed condition.
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Certain alloy families are even named after phases. A homogenous section of metal consisting of one repeating unit cell forming one or more grains can be called a phase. The grains of an alloy have a thermodynamically preferred repeating arrangement of atoms, called a unit cell, based on the alloy’s chemical composition. The building blocks of an individual grain are the atoms of the elements which make up an alloy, such as carbon, iron, nickel, chromium…etc. The metal alloys manufactured by Ulbrich, consist of an array of microscopic crystals called grains, randomly oriented throughout the bulk of strip. In order to understand work hardening, some metallurgical basics must first be understood. The rest of this essay will cover the microscopic phenomena that facilitate these changes. In the eyes of someone observing the rolling process, the metal strip advances through two work rolls, one above and one below, and via a combination of vertical force and longitudinal tension, the strip is squished down and made thinner, longer and stronger. This plastic, or permanent deformation, induced by the rolling process, causes not only a macroscopic change in product dimensions, but also a microstructural change resulting in work hardening. In the case of Ulbrich Specialty Strip Mill, the action we impart on our alloys in order to temper or harden them is work hardening through cold rolling.Ĭold rolling, a wrought metal process, induces cold work, or plastic deformation without preheating, by reducing the thickness of a strip metal coil. If we consider the annealed state, the state after which an alloy has been heated to above its recrystallization temperature and soaked until the desired grain size is achieved, to be the baseline for that alloy’s strength, tempering can be defined as acting upon the alloy in order to increase its strength beyond the annealed state. The most common connotation refers to a hardened state of material, or the act of hardening through tempering. The word “Temper” gets thrown around a lot in the metals industry.